Norm's
Face it...they're machines, existing in a harsh outdoor environment, miles pile on and sooner or later things will tarnish & wear. To make your fine investment last longer,look better and perform efficiently and safely I have assembled the following list of tune up - maintenance tips. I tried to keep these tips as generic as possible, however my main experience is with Yamaha motorcycles most notably the 1970 to 85 models. Most of the sketches and illustrations are noted as Yamaha source.
Also is a listing of Tools, most notably the plans for making your own "YICS" carburetor sync tool and a reserve fuel supply for doing tank off carb tunings and rejets, driveshaft pullers and more...
General rule of Thumb - check everything once per season or every 2500 miles - exceptions = valves, plugs, generator brushes, fork oil - every 10,000.
Tip #1
Manuals
You're busy taking of that side cover when something flies out the side at 200 mph, was it a UFO or a scared rat ? Maybe it was a spring or check valve ? Buy a good quality shop manual. The best is the official factory"
shop - service manuals. these normally run $40-$50 but are first rate, include all the specs and lists of special tools. Clymer (or Haynes - ed) is good second choice, at about half the price of the factory model. A good service manual will run approximately the cost of a one or two hour shop charge.
Tip #2Wrenches
Get yourself a pair of torque wrenches. Unless you plan turning pro. don't spend the
money to get the high priced units. A good foot - pound wrench 0 to 100 ftlbs is fine with a simple pointer arm and a inch pound
wrench is a must! most of the small 8 & 10 mm bolts are set to 40 to 80 inch pounds. Most good inch pound wrenches go from 0 to
110 inch lbs
Tip #3
Oil Change
Warm up the engine prior to changing oil, this will help speed the process and flush all those chunky things out. It's a good idea to drain the oil into a pan with a fine screen or loose knit cloth cover over it, this will trap any metal parts and could help in trouble shooting possible unusual noises or shifting problems. Replace oil drain plug watch the torque many a pan is wrecked by to strong an arm normal torque is anywhere from 25 to 35 ftlbs. change the filter, most large displacement bikes have paper oil filter but
some of the older small bikes don't i.e. Honda 450's used a centrifugal oil slinger which is normally not serviced. Use a good grade of oil as recommended in your service manual , I use 20w-50 weight in My air cooled four as the operating temp is higher than that of the water cooled mills.
All You Ever Wanted to Know About Oil
This tip provided by JP Honeywell
The place to buy an Auxiliary Fuse Block is J.C. Whitney. (Part No. 03dh7115w) It costs about $24.95 + shipping and uses spade type automotive fuses. Don't get any of the other fuse blocks from JCW because they won't work for our application. This is the only one they sell which has independent in and out leads. All the others have one input and multiple outputs. Great if you're adding a ton of accessories but inappropriate as a replacement for our fuse block.
You don't have to know anything about electronics but you do have to work methodically. Don't remove any wires until you're ready to do the whole job. Even then, only work with one wire at a time so you don't connect things incorrectly.
1) Unscrew the bolts which hold the plastic fuse block in
place. Leave all the wires in place in the old fuse block
at this time.
2) Take the aluminum backing plate and trace the holes from the
original fuse block onto the plate.
3) Now trace the holes from the new fuse block onto the
aluminum backing plate. Make sure the holes aren't too
close to allow clearance for the mounting bolts.
4) Drill holes in backing plate.
5) Using a new razor blade and a delicate touch, cut back the
wrapping on the wiring harness about 2 inches. This will
give you more of the wires to work with.
6) Take a roll of masking tape and make little marker flags for
each wire coming into the old fuse box. Make sure the flags
are about 3/4 inch above the connector. Label each pair of
wires (Ignition, Headlight, etc.) so that you don't screw up
the connections.
7) Carefully remove the wires from the old fuse box. I used a
small screwdriver to release the old fuse holders from the
plastic box.
8) With wire cutters, cut off the old fuse holders as close to
the crimped connection as possible.
9) Strip off about 1/4 inch of the insulation and crimp on one
of the female spade connectors for each wire. (I know that
Doug likes soldering these connections and that's fine but
it's kinda hard to work with wires which are so close to the
bike.) Using Vice-Grips to crimp these connectors has
worked much better for me than the special crimp tools they
sell for that job.
10) Don't use the sheet metal screws that come with the new fuse
block. Instead, use appropriate sized bolts to attach it to
the backing plate. I chose to have the heads of the bolts
on the back side of the backing plate to make sure the extra
length of the bolt doesn't dig into the frame plate.
11) Use the rubber grommets on the bolts on the back side of the
bolts which attach the backing plate to the frame plate to
make sure that the assembly mounts securely.
12) Attach the wires to the connectors. I found that having the
wires come around the right side of the fuse block (instead
of having the wires come around the left side in the stock
fuse block) puts less stress on the wires. I did have to
change the order of the fuses and wires because one pair of
wires seemed a little short to provide a stress free
connection.
13) I used a drawing program to create a label to attach inside
the clear plastic cover. I glued it in by "painting" the
front side of the label with white glue and putting it in
the inside of the plastic cover. (don't worry that you
can't read it right now - when it dries it will be clear.)
make sure you glue it in right side up as the cover will
only go on one way.
14) Plug in the appropriate fuses and place the clear cover over
the fuse block.
(You can remove the masking tape flags if you'd like to make it look prettier.)
No more fuse block problems.
This is a look at the finished project
First, belts should be adjusted at the 500 mile break-in mark. After this, belts should be adjusted every 5,000 miles. The belt should have between 3/8ths and 1/2 inch play (i.e., deflection) when a force of ten pounds is applied in the center of the belt
Second, belt sprockets should be inspected for nicks and gouges. It is possible, although not very probable, that the sprocket could get spurred by road debris.(rocks etc.) A spur on the sprocket could chew on the belt fabric and accelerate belt deterioration.
Third, replace the belt at the recommended interval. It's expensive but well worth the peace of mind and extra protection. Typically, you do not need to change the sprockets at the same time (as you do on chain final drive). And most importantly - never oil a fabric belt, it will just attract more dirt and grime and cause the belt to fail sooner.
It will take some time and patience to perform any of the above tasks, it is much quicker than removing the entire carb assembly. I hope this can help someone else. It sure has helped me.
Caution all the dogs must mesh evenly so no undue pressure is placed on any one gear dog.
INTRODUCTION
This article was written after a long and difficult exercise in tracking down and correcting a problem with no spark in cylinders #1 and #4. The diagnosis process required that I study the XS11 ignition system and create several electrical tests. Other than a few basic tools, all you need is an ohmmeter for these tests.
It began several years ago when the bike would occasionally stop firing in 2 cylinders for a short time. Since it was very brief, there was no way to tell which cylinders had missed or to determine the cause of the problem. As a result, I had no choice but to ride it that way.
Recently, the problem worsened significantly. Within a few days, the problem became permanent and the bike could not be ridden. In this state, it was simple to determine that cylinders #1 and #4 were not firing. Shortly after starting it, a quick touch of each header pipe showed that the two outside pipes were cold. At this time, it would be easier to locate the cause since it had completely failed. Also, it was more urgent now that I had to drive the car to work.
IGNITION OVERVIEW
There are three major ignition components, with wires connecting them; the ignition advance, the ignition unit, and the ignition coils.
The pick-up coils combined with the ignition advance is under the cover on the left end of the crank. It detects the rotation of the crank using two magnetic pick-up coils (black rectangular things about and inch long). Out of each coil comes two wires.
The four wires from the pick-up coils go all the way back to the ignition unit mounted on the rear fender. They come in via a four-wire plug. On my '79F, the mapping is as follows:
The ignition unit does its magic and signals the ignition coils when to fire via three wires in an eight-wire plug. The three wires attach to the ignition coils just behind the steering head under the gas tank. The Red/White wire is common to both coils, the Orange wire controls the ignition coil for cylinders #1 and #4, and the Gray wire #2 and #3. If you take off the gas tank, you can easily get to the connectors for these wires located just above the coils.
TEST AND REPAIR STEPS
The first thing to do is to check all wires and connectors. Each connector should be disconnected, cleaned by filing lightly or sanding, and lubed with something like tuner cleaner - not -WD-40. A good example of this was a problem I ran intowith this job. Instead of cleaning one connector, I simply pushed it together more tightly. Later, the bike had power but would not crank. I eventually tracked it down to the connector I had tightened. It was for the emergency off circuit. Tightening it had broken the connection and the bike acted as if the emergency off switch was on. After cleaning the connector, the bike was fine.
Another thing to check for is cracked spark plug wires, which allow the very high voltage spark current to escape and short to the engine. This problem is typically the worst when the engine is wet. You can check for this by running the bike in the dark (don't do this in an enclosed area) and throwing water in the wires. Visibly check for sparks anywhere a plug wires nears the engine. Also check for sparks jumping from the plug caps past the plug to the engine.
Try correcting this problem by smearing dielectric grease on the wires, inside the plug caps, around the plug insulator, and anywhere else where shorts occur. Hopefully this solves the problem because the wires are permanently attached to the ignition coils and new OEM coils and wires were $120 several years ago. Perhaps aftermarket brands would be a better choice if the wires are bad.
NOTE: At XS11.COM there is a Tech Tip for replacing the original coil wires and caps. "New Wires in Old Coils".
The next thing to check is the famous broken wire problem in the ignition advance. Since this is such a common problem with the XS11, the odds are pretty good that it may be the source of the problem.
There is a simple way to check the ignition advance wires. Take off the four-wire plug on the ignition unit. Using an ohmmeter, check the resistance between Yellow/Green and Yellow/Red, and between White/Green and White/Red. I measured about 600 ohms. These pairs of wires simply run down to the pick-up coils and loop back to the ignition unit.
While the ohmmeter still connected, rotate the ignition advance unit a few times and move the wires around. If you lose continuity at all, or the resistance changes much, there is a problem with the wires and you should repair them. Since the pick-up coils are nothing more than magnets, there probably isn't much more that can go wrong with them.
If the pick-up coils check out, the next thing to do is check the ignition coils. My Clymer manual says to measure the resistance between the plug wire caps for each coil. It should be 15K ohms +/- 10% at 68F. The other test is to measure resistance between the colored wires leading to the coils from the ignition unit. At the coils themselves, expect 1.5 ohms +/- 10% at 68F.
In addition to these checks, I suggest that you measure the resistance of the colored wires at the ignition unit. Pull out the eight-wire plug and measure resistance between Orange and Red/White, and between Gray and Red/White. Expect it to be a bit higher (approx 1 ohm higher) than what you got at the coils themselves because there is a resistor in the circuit. If these tests are all OK, then the coils are probably fine.
If you've made it this far and have not found the problem yet, chances are pretty good it is the ignition unit. However, it might make sense to be more sure of that before taking the ignition unit apart or replacing it. Just be careful with these steps - if you're not careful, you could break something!
First, make sure everything you've unplugged or disconnected is back where it belongs. Next, unscrew one spark plug from a failing cylinder and one from a cylinder that works. Stick them back into the plug caps and lay them so the hex nut part of the plug is touching the engine metal. Crank the engine briefly and confirm that there is no spark on the missing cylinder and there is a spark on the good one.
To completely eliminate the ignition coils as the problem, swap the orange and gray wires leading the ignition coils. Crank the engine again. If the dead plug now fires and the good one is dead, then you have a bad ignition coil. Otherwise, it is either the ignition unit, the pick-up coils, or the wiring. Put the orange and gray wire back into their proper connector.
The next test is to determine if the problem is in the ignition unit or the pick-up coils. This step is a little risky, so be careful. First, record the wire colors in the four-wire plug on the ignition unit. Now, double-check what you just wrote down. Next, remove each wire connector from the plastic four-wire connector. Under each wire connector, inside the plastic plug, there is a small metal hook. Use a small screwdriver forced in from the back of the connector to unhook the connector and pull it out.
Once all four wires are out of the plug, reconnect them in their original order. Crank the engine and make sure the bad plug is still bad and the good one is still good. Now, move the upper pair to the bottom and the lower pair to the top. In my case, White/Green and White/Red were switched with Yellow/Green and Yellow/Red. Keep each pair's order the same relative to each other.
Now, crank the bike again. If the bad stays bad and the good plug stays good, then the problem is your ignition unit. If the plug spark changes, then the pick-up coils are the problem. Carefully put the wires back into the plastic plug in their proper place.
In my case, the problem was in the ignition unit. Rather than replace it, I opened it up. The circuitry inside the unit is quite heavy-duty and it looks like it was designed to take a lot of vibration. However, in my case, the problem was obvious. Near the place where the eight-wire connector attaches, one soldier connection was cracked and partially gone. A quick check with the ohmmeter confirmed that there was resistance between it and the plug connector. Within a few minutes, I had resoldiered the connection. Shortly after that, I had the bike running on all four cylinders again.
It took me almost a week of nights to figure this out. I hope the time invested in recording the details helps all of my fellow XS11 riders out there. Certainly, they've taken the time to help me when I've needed it.
Thanks to Paul for this valuable Tip
Here is an little article found in our local rag (Bike S-A) written by a chap called Piet Spoed (Speed)van Zyl........I hope that this could be of help to someone out there. It is headlined "Performance Tips". I quote: "CV carb's slide lifts in direct relation to the motor's RPM under load and is not linked to the throttle as in the case with the non vacuum slide carb.
(1) Stages Lets assume your bike redlines at 11000 rpm:- The first step (from idle to approx 4000 rpm) is controlled by the pilot circuit which is made up of the pilot jet, pilot air jet, fuel or air screw and float level. So if the mis- fire or whatever occurs below 4000 rpm don't look at changing the mainjet. The second step, most commonly known as the mid-range (3000 to 8000 rpm) is controlled by the needle (which works according to it's shape and clip position) and the needle jet (emulsion tube). This is usually the area most affected by the fitting of aftermarket pipes and the stage where you spend most of your riding time. Note that the main jet still has very little effect below 8000 rpm. The final step (7500 to 11000 rpm) is controlled by the main jet size, the bigger the jet size the richer the fuel mixture will become.
(2) Tuning: Now you know that if the bike splutters off idle below 3000rpm that you should look at a)pilot jet-blocked or fallen out. b)fuel screw to rich or to lean. c)fuel level in carb bowl incorrect- leaking needle and seat or float height incorrectly adjusted. If the motor doesn't respond well or surges at 6000 rpm look at working on the needle clip position, moving the clip up (needle down) makes the mixture leaner and vice versa. It is only while running flat out above 8000 rpm that any changes done to the main jet size will be left to do.
(3) Rich or lean How do I know if the misfire or surging is caused by a lean or rich fuel mixture. Does the problem become worse as the motor warms up? If yes, the carbs are set to rich and needs leaning out. To check for leanness is to give the carbs more air by removing the airbox lid. If it makes the problem worse then the carb is set to lean and needs more fuel. The latter can be confirmed by going the opposite direction-giving the carbs less air (partially closing the airbox intake). The carburetion should improve. Remove the carbs and do the necessary adjustment if needed.
(4) Dynojet- For the 'tuner' who would like to go a little further there are kits available such as the Dynojet kits which includes all the hardware to get your bike dialled in, especially when you have jetting adjustments to be done, like fitting aftermarket exhausts. The kits are custom designed for each specific bike and include comprehensive instructions and all the hardware you need such as special needles, jets, springs, drills, etc. Note that these kits are for CV carbs only" Alex. To live is to ride!
As you know, there are two ways to replace a #412 style silent camchain. The first one is to split the cases apart if the chain sprocket is not located at the end of the crankshaft. This method requires a lot of shop time and money. The other method is one that I've used for the last 13 years with 100% success. It deals with cutting the chain. First, you must purchase the Motion Pro tool called Camchain cutting and riveting tool. Once you have access to the old camchain (from camshaft area), you drive out one of the pins on the chain right thru with the tool. You also drive out a pin on the new chain, but not completely out, since you will want later to redrive that same pin in for reconnection. You then connect the new chain onto the old chain by using safety wire, spacing the two links as if there was a continuous link. Then slowly and manually rotate the crankshaft until the new chain emerges from the engine. Note that the camshafts must be removed before this procedure as a valve may hit a piston during rotation. Then disconnect the two chains, and toss out the old one. Now is the time to reconnect the ends. Use one of the cam sprockets and roll the ends on it. This facilitates alignment and operation if you're alone to do it. When the holes on the chain are aligned, use the tool to drive the pin back in until it emerges at the other end by the same distance each side. Then carefully rivet the end ensuring that it slightly mushrooms both sides, but doesn't actually break the end of the pin. Finally check for absence of kinks or stiffness on that link. I have replaced several chains that way without any comebacks over the years. But it must be done right! A tip from an A.M.I. graduate located in Canada.